'''Qeliza''' është njësia themelore, funksionale dhe strukturale e të gjitha organizmave të gjalla; është njësia më e vogël mbartëse e jetës. Ky përkufizim u formulua nga Robert Hooke, shkencëtar anglez, i cili ishte edhe i pari që vëzhgoi ekzistencën e qelizës në vitin 1665. Vetë fjala qelizë vjen nga latinishtja, cellula, që do të thotë „dhomë e vogël“.
Organizmat ndahen në një qelizore, si psh bakteriet, që përbëhen nga një qelizë e vetme dhe shumëqelozore (si, psh, njerëzit, ku shumë qeliza bashkëveprojnë si një njësi funksionale. Trupi i njeriut përbëhet prej rreth 220 lloje të ndryshme qelizash dhe indesh.
Madhësia e qelizave zakonisht varion nga 1 deri në 30 mikrometër. Por ka edhe raste të veçanta si, psh, veza e strucit, madhësia e së cilës shkon deri në 7 centimetra. Qeliza më e madhe e njeriut është, gjithashtu, veza madhësia e së cilës shkon nga 110 në 140 mikrometra dhe e cila mund të vezhgohet edhe me sy të lirë. Si rregull, qelizat shtazore janë më të vogla se sa ato bimore. Pesha e një qelize llogaritet rreth 1 nanogram.
Qeliza përbëhet nga membrana citoplazmike dhe citoplazma, në të cilën gjenden organelet qelizore, të cilat përmbushin funksione të ndryshme jetësore. Qelizat janë të formave të ndryshme. Tek qelizat shtazore gjejmë qeliza në formë drejtkëndëshi, pllakore dhe cilindrike (qelizat epiteliale), zgjatore (qelizat muskulore), yjore (qelizat e kockave), të degëzuara (qelizat nervore).
e hënë, nëntor 16, 2009
Qeliza
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